Introduction to Power Quality

•  The power source
•  Delivery of power
•  The load
•  Three-phase model
• Voltage and Current Disruptions
•  Classifying interruptions, sags, and swells
•  Power interruptions
• Undervoltage, overvoltage, sags, swells and flicker
• Transients
•  Noise
•  CBEMA (ITIC) curve
•  Power line conditioners
•  Power

Power Factor

• Impedance, resistance, and reactance
•  Ohm’s law with complex impedances
•  ELI the Ice Man
•  Complex power
•  Power factor
•  Cost of low power factor
•  Sources of harmonics and AC drive types
•  PWM, DC, AC load commutated inverter and AC cycloconverters
• Question and answer session.
•  Effect of equipment loading on harmonic currents and total harmonic current distortion.
•  Effect of source kVA, impedance and sub transient reactance (Xd”) on harmonics
•  Illustrating Examples using SOLV software.

Harmonics

 Harmonic mitigation techniques (for three wire and four 3 phase distribution systems and for standard 3 phase systems) – including neutral current eliminators,

• reactors (AC line and DC bus), commutation reactors, special reactors {Lineator wide spectrum and duplex reactors},
•  Passive L-C filters, phase shifting (multi-pulse), phase staggering (quasi-multi-pulse), active filters, hybrid active/passive filters and active front ends (sinusoidal rectifiers).
•  Question and answer session.
•  Understanding harmonic recommendation IEEE 519 (1992).

 Simple harmonic calculation summary

•  Example of harmonic calculation software (SOLV) and sample calculations.
•  Harmonic survey techniques and safety issues.
•  Local site measurements using harmonic measurement equipment
•  Information required from vendors (e.g. drive suppliers) to solve harmonics problems
•  Question and answer session.
•  Conclusion