Understanding Financial Statements

• The Balance Sheet: Assets, Liabilities, and Equity
• Income Statement: Revenue, Expenses, and Profit
• Cash Flow Statement: Operating, Investing, and Financing Activities
• Statement of Shareholders’ Equity
• Key Financial Ratios: Liquidity, Solvency, and Profitability
• Common Size Statements: Vertical and Horizontal Analysis
• Interpreting Financial Statement Notes

Financial Ratio Analysis

• Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio, Quick Ratio
• Solvency Ratios: Debt to Equity, Interest Coverage
• Profitability Ratios: Gross Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE)
• Efficiency Ratios: Inventory Turnover, Receivables Turnover
• Market Ratios: Earnings per Share (EPS), Price to Earnings (P/E) Ratio
• DuPont Analysis: Decomposing ROE
• Comparative and Trend Analysis

Budgeting and Forecasting

• Types of Budgets: Operating, Capital, Cash Flow Budgets
• Budget Preparation Process
• Forecasting Techniques: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
• Variance Analysis: Identifying and Analyzing Deviations
• Rolling Forecasts and Flexible Budgets
• Linking Budgets to Strategic Goals
• Scenario Planning and Sensitivity Analysis

Performance Measurement Systems

• Balanced Scorecard: Financial and Non-Financial Metrics
• Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Selection and Measurement
• Economic Value Added (EVA) and Residual Income
• Benchmarking: Internal and External Comparisons
• Performance Dashboards and Reporting Tools
• Linking Performance Measures to Incentive Systems
• Continuous Improvement and Feedback Loops

Advanced Financial Analysis and Decision-Making

• Capital Budgeting: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
• Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
• Break-Even Analysis
• Risk Analysis and Management: Sensitivity, Scenario, and Simulation
• Financial Modeling and Forecasting Tools
• Mergers and Acquisitions: Financial Due Diligence
• Strategic Financial Planning and Analysis