course | Power system protection advanced Technology

Module (01) Introduction

• Cable Construction
• Types of conductors
• Conductor Arrangement
• Cable Types
• Insulations
• Shielding and SEMICONDUCTING Tape
• Finishes and Jackets
   

Module (02) Procedures and Techniques in Failure Analysis

• Stages of an Analysis
• Data Gathering
• Visual Examination
• Analytical Methods
• Determining the Failure Mechanism
• Actions following an Investigation 

Module (03) Failure Investigation in the Field

• Information Gathering
• Initial Actions
• Examination and Testing
• Selection of Samples
• Oil Sampling
• Handling and Transportation

Module (04) Soil Thermal Resistivity

• Component Materials
• Density and Thermal Resistivity
• Water Content and Thermal Resistivity
• Customized Backfill
• Thermal Resistivity Measurements 

Module (05) Grounding System Impacts on Cables
 

• Solid Resistance Grounding
• Impact on Voltage During Fault
• Impact on Insulation Thickness
• Effect on Fault Current
   

Module (06) Cable Failure and Its Analysis

• Mechanical Failures
• Corrosion of Sheath
• Moisture in The Insulation
• Heating of Cables
• Fire and Lightning Surges
• Electrical Puncture
• Inherent Causes
• Sheath or Jacket Defects
• Insulation Defects
• Conductor Defects
• Noninherent Causes
• Corrosion of Sheath
• Local Galvanic Action
• Chemical Action
• External Fire and HV Surges
• Overheating
• Mechanical Damage
• Other Causes
• Failure Case Studies 

Module (07) Cable and Joint Failure Modes

• Electrical treeing
• Water Treeing
• Effects of DC Testing
• Failures of Joints and Accessories
   

Module (08) Partial Discharge Techniques
 

• What is Partial Discharge
• PD Detection for Cable Diagnostics
• Why Test for Partial Discharge
• Physical Background of PD
• Types of Partial Discharge
• Characteristic of Discharge Patterns
• Breakdown Cable Voltage
• Partial Discharge Test Facility
• Test Circuit inside Shielded Room
• How to Calibrate the Partial Discharge System?
• How to Measure Partial Discharge
• Charge in Fault vs Measured Apparent Charge and Measurement Results
• PD Measurement Methods Available
• Importance of PD for Insulation Of Old XLPE Cable Systems 

Module (09) Very Low Frequency VLF

• Standard for Onsite Testing Including VLF
• Principle of the VLF Generator
• Dissipation Factor (Tanδ)
• Evaluation of Tan Δ Measurements Based On XLPE
• Water Treeing In Polymeric Insulation
• Comparison of Electrical Treeing and Water Treeing
• Comparison Channel Growth
• Simplified Dielectric Equivalent Circuit of a New Cable
• Examples of Water Trees
• Application of VLF / PD Diagnosis

Module (10) Cable Fault Location and Tracing

• Introduction
• Cable Fault Location Procedures
• Cable Fault Types
• PD Tracks in Slip Joins For Cables
• Methods of Cable Fault Location
• Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
• Impulse Reflection Method IRM)
• Secondary Impulse Method (SIM)
• Multiple Impulse Method (MIM)
• Fault Distance from Cable End
• Bridge Method (Wheatstone)
• Cable Tracing
• Cable Locator
• Acoustic Fault Location
• Propagation Time Measurement
• Pin Pointing Set
• Audio Frequency Twist Method
• Cable Sheath Fault Location
• Cable Test Va