course | Hydraulic Fracturing

Simple definition for the hydraulic fracturing Process.
 

• Stimulation definition.
• Why Reservoir Stimulation?
• What are the candidates' Reservoirs for Stimulation?
• Candidate Selection.
• Types of Stimulation Treatments.
• Basic Hydraulic Fracturing Principles.
• Harsh Environment for Hydraulic Fracturing.
• Rock Mechanics (quick review):
• Young Modulus
• Fracture toughness
• Poisson’s Ratio
• In-situ stresses
• Factors influencing the stress state
• Stress measurement techniques
   

Fracture models:

Types of models:
 

• 2D Model: 1. PKN 2. KGD 3. Radial
• 3D Model: 1. Pseudo Three Dimensional (P3D) model 2. Planner Three Dimensional (PL3D)model 3. Fully Three-Dimensional model (3D)
• Hydraulic Fracturing Equipment:
• Blender (POD)
• Hydration Unit (GelPro or PCM), Mountain Mover (Sand Chief), & Cilo
• Manifold Trailer
• Pump
• Monitoring unit
• Lab

Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids:
 

• What is the goal of water analysis?
• What are Water Quality Limits for Fracturing Fluids?
• What are the Functions of the fracturing fluid system?
• What are the ideal fluid system properties?
• What types of fracturing fluid systems are available?
• What are the advantages & disadvantages of each fluid system?
• What are the Fracturing Fluid Additives?
   

Hydraulic fracturing Propping Agent:
 

• Definition.
• Ideal Proppant Characteristics.
• Proppant Physical Properties.
• Classes of propping agents.
• Proppant Testing.

Complete Data Frac Analysis (mini Frac) with several real worked wells as examples:
 

• Step Rate Test.
• Flow Back Test.
• Step Down Test.
• Methods of calculations in case of availability of: Treating pressure. Calculated BHP.
• Calibration Injection Test.
• Analysis during pumping (Net Pressure Interpretation “Nolte-Smith plot”).
• Diagnostics for non-ideal fracture propagation.
• Formation pressure capacity and its complicating mechanisms. T – Shaped Fracture. Fissures opening. Height growth through the pinch point.
• Approaches to overcome Formation pressure capacity complicating mechanisms
   

 Generalized Decline curve analysis: how to plot and interpret (Explain) the following approaches by yourself:
 

• G function approach.
• Square Root shut-in time approach.
• Square Root shut-in time plus pumping time approach.
• Log–log plot approach.
• Horner plot approach.
• Cartesian plot approach.
   

 How to Calculate:
 

• Fluid Efficiency.
• Fracture dimensions.
• How to Calibrate stress data.
• Identification of non-ideal behaviors during shutdown.
• New method to determine Closure pressure from calibration pumping period.
• Comparing between different techniques simultaneously.

Hydraulic Fracturing Simulator:
 

FracCade:
 

• What are the general inputs for the FracCade simulator?
• How to use the simulator for: Data Frac analysis.
• Post-treatment. Main Frac Treatment design and evaluation.
• Redesign of the main Frac Treatment process. Post-treatment evaluation.
• Calculating BHP from Treating Pressure.

 Quality Control:
 

• What Is Quality Control (QC)?
• Why Is Quality Control Important?
• Fracturing quality control checklist
   

 Hydraulic Fracturing Operations:
 

• Hydraulic Fracturing Equipment R/U.
• Pre-job safety meeting.
• Pre-job Lab Test
• Water analysis
• Check gel quality
• Breaker test.
• Pressure Testing
• Mini Frac
• Analysis for mini Frac
• Main Frac treatment
• Main Fracturing Treatment Design
• Treatment optimization design procedures.
• Design process.
• Design considerations.
• Fracture design criteria.